探索节目-国家科学基金会
在已知世界表层下 Beneath the earth we know...
深藏其它世界 lie other worlds...
不复存在 hidden from sight...
消逝于岁月长河 lost in time.
但有时我们能从残存的过去中 But sometimes we can glimpse a lost world...
偶然窥知些微真相 through remnants of the past.
我们发现的肯定是头骨 向右点，你怎么想？ We definitely got a skull. Lower right. What do you think?
难说啊 It's hard to say.
这个故事由发现不可辨的骨头开始 This story begins with a discovery of unidentified bones.
沉积层 Depositional environment?
一队古生物学家试图辨别出骨头是来自何生物 A team of paleontologists will try to figure out whose bones they are...
是从哪个时间遗留下的 and what world they came from.
我们确定时间段，这是第一步 So we got a time frame. That's a start.
它们从堪萨斯被挖掘 They were discovered in Kansas-
现在这里大多是农场 mostly farmland today.
曾几何时，此处是一片汪洋大海 But once, Kansas lay beneath a vast sea.
那是8200万年前... It was 82 million years ago...
正处于恐龙时代 during the age of the dinosaurs.
[吼叫]
而此时另有一个巨兽的世界... But there was another world of giants on Earth...
水下世界... a submerged world...
水下是数量庞大的猎食者统治的世界 where enormous reptiles ruled seas filled with incredible creatures.
这... These...
是从古至今最危险的大海 were the most dangerous seas of all time.
没有什么动物是安全的 No living thing was safe.
巨大的海洋猎食者已经灭绝很久... The great marine reptiles disappeared long ago...
时光磨灭了那个世界 and time has buried their world.
但我们都可能偶遇某个那时的海洋巨兽 But any of us might still encounter a sea monster.
伙计 Buddy!
[狗哀鸣]
遥远的过去不知从何处回来 As if from nowhere, the distant past returns.
科学家们期望的不仅是古代生物的化石... The scientists hope to find not just the fossil of an ancient creature...
还有化石中记载的故事 but a story recorded in its bones.
拿上工具 Grab your tools.
雨水冲走部分灰岩露出这个 Rain washed some of the chalk away and exposed it.
太棒了 ok This is great. Okay-
他们发觉这很不寻常... They recognize it as something special...
罕见的长喙龙- a rare Dolichorhynchops-
长喙龙简称dolly a dolly, for short.
这是白垩纪晚期的一种海洋肉食动物... It was a marine reptile of the late Cretaceous...
比海豚大点... a little bigger than a dolphin...
游泳速度很快. and a fast swimmer.
为解读骨头里的故事... To unravel any story the bones may tell...
查证首先基于已知的海洋肉食动物. the investigators will draw on everything they know about marine reptiles.
对，看起来象黄昏鸟 Yeah, it looks like Hesperornis.
它们的化石已经发现了几十年 Their fossils have been found around the world over decades.
它一定有10米长 It could have been over 30 feet long.
我们带回实验室的基层材料指出... The matrix materials we've got in the lab seem to indicate-
这个发现能帮助小队拼凑长喙龙的资料 These finds will help the team piece together the story of the dolly...
描绘它们当时在海中畅游的场景 and picture the moment in time when it swam in the sea.
从很多方面长喙龙所在的大海与当今大有不同 In many ways, the dolly's world was far different from ours.
气候那时更温暖 The climate was warmer.
海平面更高，海洋面积更大 Sea levels were higher, and more of Earth was submerged.
这只长喙龙应该生活在深海中央... This dolly would have lived in a vast inland sea...
那时的大海把美洲一分为二. that cut North America in two.
海洋肉食动物在欧洲地域也有发现... Marine reptiles were also found in the waters around Europe...
那时的大陆是散步零星的岛屿... which was a scattering of islands...
分布在海洋的世界中 and throughout the world's oceans.
当它们逐渐灭亡... In time they died out...
海洋逐渐缩减... and sea levels retreated...
暴露出大面积的海床 exposing vast areas of seabed.
古代海生物的化石遍布现在的陆地上 Fossils from the ancient oceans turned up on every continent.
在澳大利亚内陆的发现... A discovery in the Australian outback...
提供了长喙龙曾发源于此的线索 offers clues to how the dolly's life may have begun.
样本一致反映出 It seems to be laying out in a pretty consistent pattern.
95% 化石来自于幼体 95% of the fossils we're finding here are the bones of juveniles.
如此多的幼年动物化石... So many small bones in one area...
说明海洋肉食动物们群集这里的浅滩哺育后代 suggests that marine reptiles gathered in protected shallows to give birth.
而在北美发现的这只长喙龙的故事... And in North America, that's how the story of this dolly...
由此展开 begins to unfold.
试想一只浅滩的长喙龙... Imagine that one of the creatures in the shallows...
已经怀孕 is a pregnant Dolichorhynchops.
她生下一只... She gives birth to a male...
近半米长花色如同母亲的雄仔 18 inches long and colored like his mother...
和一只雌仔 and a female...
颜色深些，眼下部有块浅色区 darker in color with light patches below her eyes.
她的生活由此开始 And it's her life we begin to follow.
她和她的哥哥是需要呼吸空气的 She and her brother are air breathers.
本能告诉她们生命中的头一分钟要怎么做 Instinct tells them what they have to do in their first minute alive.
从一开始... From the beginning...
小母长喙龙和她哥哥就要学习日后需要的技能... the little female and her brother practice skills they'll need one day...
终归她们要离开浅滩去充满危险的深海去生活 when they'll have to leave the safety of the shallows for the dangerous seas beyond.
如果她能在危险的生活中幸存长大... If she survives the perils to come...
她有朝一日也会返回这里生养自己的后代 she'll return here one day and have young of her own.
此时她已经发现食物的竞争者 Already she finds competition for food.
黄昏鸟... There's the Hesperornis...
能飞，长喙里布满利齿的鸟. a bird that can't fly and has a beak full of sharp teeth.
还有冥河龙... And the Styxosaurus...
长喙龙的远亲... a distant cousin of the dolly's...
有这超大的脖颈. with a supersized neck.
成体能达到11米多... An adult can reach 35 feet in length...
一大半是脖颈 more than half of it neck.
这种体型它们游不快 Its shape makes it a slower swimmer...
但抓鱼确很有一套 but it's great for catching fish.
小长喙龙不久经过一群通过... The little dolly soon comes across creatures that move...
壳喷水移动的生物 by pumping jets of water from their shells.
它们是鹦鹉螺... They're called ammonites...
它们在古代海洋很繁盛 and they thrive in the ancient sea.
它们有岩石般坚硬的外壳，还有其它保护措施 They have rock-hard armor and perhaps another defense.
象这只游的太近的小长喙龙... Swim too close, like the little female...
被喷了一脸的墨水. and get a face full of ink.
但这阻止不了年轻的板果龙 But that doesn't stop a young Platecarpus...
把它们当作小吃 when it wants a snack.
鹦鹉螺一度极其繁盛 Ammonites were once abundant.
它们的化石屡见不鲜 Their fossils have been uncovered often...
得克萨斯的修理工都常能发现 even by a road crew in Texas.
鹦鹉螺，到处都是 Ammonites. A lot of'em.
鹦鹉螺有许多种类 There were many kinds of ammonites...
我们知道它们集中生活的时间段 and we know when most of them lived...
所以它们的化石如同标签 so their fossils are like markers in time.
可以通过鹦鹉螺的化石确定附近 发现的其它稀少物种的生存年代 Identify an ammonite and you can date other less common fossils nearby.
这方法确认了长喙龙作为海洋 肉食动物生存的年代 That helps place dollies in the long history of marine reptiles.
它们起源于大约2亿5000万年前... It began some 250 million years ago...
在三叠纪... in the Triassic period...
是陆地进入海洋的肉食动物 with land reptiles that moved into the sea.
进化出脚蹼和鳍 They developed webbed feet, then flippers.
有些进化出防护甲 Some had elaborate armor.
在侏罗纪它们继续发展 Into the Jurassic, they continued to evolve.
在深海能见到... To see at great depths...
它们的眼睛有的大如餐盘 some had eyes the size of dinner plates-
顶级猎食者，具有无敌的力量... top predators who grew immense and powerful...
在白垩纪晚期发展到顶峰... reaching their peak in the late Cretaceous...
接近恐龙时代末期... near the end of the dinosaur age...
也正是长喙龙生活的时代 the very time when the Dolichorhynchops lived.
几个月后 Months have passed.
小母龙和哥哥长成幼体... The female and her brother are now juveniles...
可她们还是躲在安全的浅滩... but they're still in the safety of the shallows...
对远方深海的巨大猎食者毫无所知 and unaware of the huge predators in the sea beyond.
她们此时已经掌握了猎食的技巧 For now, they are mastering the art of catching their favorite prey-
猎食类似鱼类的矛齿鱼 herring-like fish called Enchodus.
直到有一天，长喙龙的一切都改变了 Then one day, everything changes for the dollies.
也许是季节的突变... Perhaps it's a change of seasons...
导致矛齿鱼向深海迁移 that causes the Enchodus to head out to sea on a migration.
长喙龙必须紧跟她们的食物 The dollies must follow their main source of food.
这意味小母龙和哥哥 And that means the young female and her brother...
必须展开生命的新旅程 must now set out on the journey of their lives...
沿着她们母亲的轨迹离开浅滩... trailing their mother from the shallows...
进入西部内海 out into the Western Interior Sea.
西部内海面积大致相当地中海 It's about the size of the Mediterranean...
尽管只有几百英尺深 and only a few hundred feet deep...
她们仍会面对巨大的海洋猎食者 but somewhere ahead are enormous predators.
我们知道是因为 We know because...
这些猎食者 where those predators once swam...
在地层中留下了痕迹 the layered earth holds their remains...
象留在了宽广的墓穴中 as if a vast graveyard.
后来暴露在风云中 Exposed to wind and rain...
直到被展现出的一天 it gradually reveals what's within.
Charles Sternberg，美国中西部地区 A remarkable discovery was made by Charles Sternberg and his sons...
化石搜集先锋，和儿子有个杰出的发现 pioneering fossil collectors in the American Midwest.
我盖上它，防止有人干扰 I covered it so nobody else would notice and disturb it.
哦，对 Ah. Yeah.
头骨看起来像某种海王龙，很大的 Skull looks like some kind of tylosaur. Big one.
Levi,一定看看. Levi, be sure to look over there.
如果曾有这种生物 It was a creature like this...
长喙龙也许会在深水遇到... the dollies might encounter in deeper water...
水中充满危险 waters filled with dangers.
托斯特巨鱿是巨大的猎手... The Tusoteuthis was a massive hunter...
象现在的巨型乌贼... like the giant squid of today...
长达10米，遍布内海 up to 30 feet long and abundant in the inland sea.
它们大到板果龙也对其无可奈何... It was too big to be attacked by the Platecarpus...
只能转而寻找其它小些的猎物 who settles for smaller prey.
板果龙虽然好斗... Platecarpus itself was fierce...
可无法与它们的巨大亲戚相提并论... but not in the same league as its larger relative...
Sternbergs发现的这个 the creature the Sternbergs had found.
他们发现的东西少有其它海洋巨兽可以匹敌 Few ocean predators ever would compare with the beast they were uncovering.
看这里是我发现的尾椎 Think I've got some tail vertebrae over here.
应该是尾巴接近末端的一块 Could be lower limb bones. Part of a paddle.
头在这，尾巴在这 Skull here. Paddle there.
尾椎在那儿 Tail vertebra over there.
这家伙肯定是个巨兽 This fella could be giant-sized.
它大到无敌 It was a giant with no enemy...
叫做海王龙的巨大猎食者... a great reptile called Tylosaurus...
史上最大最凶残的巨兽 one of the largest and most ferocious creatures of any age.
一件近似的化石告诉我们更多详情 A fossil of a closely related beast tells us more.
[希伯来语]
它的眼睛有葡萄大小 Its eyes were as big as grapefruits.
嘴里布满锥形的牙 Cone-shaped teeth filled its jaws...
上颚完美的适应了捕食的需要 and the roof of its mouth perfect for seizing prey.
海王龙就在那里... The tylosaurs were out there...
可有另一种猎食者更常见 but there were other predators more easily spotted.
类似一种鱼，杀手剑射鱼非常大... As fish go, Xiphactinus was gigantic...
长达6米 up to 17 feet long.
几乎有小母长喙龙的两倍大 More than twice the size of the little female dolly...
这是个能迅速杀死猎物的杀手... it was a hunter that could kill quickly...
这天有一个做到了 and this day one did.
## [乡村音乐]
我们知道在堪萨斯荒芜土地上... We know what happened from a fossil excavated in the badlands of Kansas...
Charles Sternberg的儿子George发现了化石. by Charles Sternberg's son George.
Sternberg先生? Mr. Sternberg?
我是报社的 I called from the newspaper.
大家都在说你的发现 There's a lot of talk about what you found out here.
- 欢迎. - 谢谢 - Glad you could come. - Well, thank you.
- 抓到条大鱼. - 准确的说是什么呢 - Caught a pretty big fish here. - What is it, exactly?
4米长的剑射鱼，还有 This is a 13-foot Xiphactinus. But there's more to it.
我挖化石时，发现 As I went through digging out the fossil...
在它肋骨里面 I noticed something beneath the ribs.
我发现了些骨骼 请继续 I found some vertebrae, kept on going.
发现是个完整的动物 Turned out to be an entire animal inside.
是只2米长的鳃腺鱼 The victim was a six-foot fish called a Gillicus-
如此的整口吞下反而害死了这只剑射鱼... such a mouthful that swallowing it killed the Xiphactinus...
史前的死于暴食之罪 a prehistoric victim of gluttony.
[水溅]
几周后，小长喙龙远离了海岸- Weeks pass, and the dollies are now far from any shore-
在一片夜晚会变得神奇的海洋历险 venturing into a sea turned magical by night.
浮游生物发出诡异的光芒 Microscopic plankton give off an eerie glow.
黝黑的深水中矛齿鱼在休息... Under cover of darkness, the Enchodus rest...
并非安静的睡眠 not quite sleeping.
下面，大群直壳鹦鹉螺 Below, there's a mass spawning of straight-shelled ammonites.
长喙龙们在不断磨练她们猎手的眼睛 The dollies keep their eyes trained for predators.
有一只的生活要发生改变 And one is about to change their lives.
这有上百只鲨鱼牙齿 There's hundreds of sharks' teeth here.
在一整天搜寻化石后 After a long day hunting fossils...
两个业余收集者发掘出大量的鲨鱼牙齿 two amateur collectors unearthed a wealth of sharks' teeth.
世界各地都有不少发掘 So many have been found around the world...
清晰表明在海洋巨兽的时代已经有鲨鱼存在 that it's clear sharks were thriving during the age of the sea monsters.
Cretoxyrhina又大又致命 The Cretoxyrhina is as big and lethal...
象现在的大白鲨 as the Great White of our day.
它们刀锋般的牙齿能私下猎物整块躯体 It slices its victims into bite-size chunks, using razor-sharp teeth.
[德语]
这是来自德国采石场的证据... There is evidence from a Dutch quarry...
远古鲨鱼可以匹敌其它海洋猎食者... that ancient sharks fed on even the largest marine reptiles...
在它们的骨头上留下鲨鱼的牙齿 leaving tooth marks on their bones.
小母龙和哥哥被看护着 The female and her brother are being watched.
但她们的妈妈成为了目标 But it's their mother who becomes the target.
[尖叫]
她们的妈妈去了，但还没有结束 Their mother is gone, but it isn't over.
一头小些的鲨鱼盯住了小母龙 A smaller shark goes after the young female.
她受伤了... She's wounded...
但逃脱了首次进攻. but she survives the initial charge.
也许鲨鱼运气不好 Perhaps the shark was not as lucky.
她的伤会痊愈... Her injury will heal...
尽管一颗鲨鱼的牙齿将留在她的鳍上. though she'll always carry a shark's tooth embedded in her flipper.
两个幼龙只能继续旅程 The two youngsters must now continue on their own.
如果小母龙和哥哥能生存下去... If the female and her brother are going to survive...
她们必须自行猎食 they'll have to find food and their way...
在这宽广的内海 in this vast inland sea.
最终，她们见到熟悉的东西 Finally, they see something familiar-
大群正被长喙龙围攻的矛齿鱼 a school of Enchodus trailed by other dollies...
还有无畏的黄昏鸟 and by the flightless Hesperornis.
[嘎嘎叫]
但几乎海里的一切 But nearly anything in the sea-
都是海王龙的食物 can be a meal for a tylosaur.
这只死的时候吃的饱饱的 This one died with a full stomach.
是啊，看起来象黄昏鸟 Yeah, it looks like a, uh' Hesperornis.
跟鹈鹕那么大 也许大些 Big as a pelican. Maybe bigger.
一只海王龙的肚子里 The stomach contents of a single tylosaur...
能看出它的大胃口 reveal its enormous appetite.
从骨头看是1米到1米6长的硬骨鱼 This looks like the bone of a three-to-five foot long teleost fish.
看这个骨头，是只沦龙 Got a bone here from a small mosasaur.
可能有短吻鳄那么大 Probably the size of an alligator.
看起来它还整吞了只鲨鱼 And it seems like he swallowed a shark.
大胃口啊，这家伙 Big eater, this guy.
几周过去了 For several weeks, the travelers push on.
小母龙的鳍逐渐愈合... The female's flipper is slowly healing...
鲨鱼的牙逐渐被包裹在疤痕里 the embedded tooth now surrounded my scar tissue.
小母龙驱赶富含蛋白质的乌贼 The young female is drawn away by a potential meal of squid.
一只逃到海百页的领地- One escapes among a colony of crinoids-
它们是海星的古生亲戚 prehistoric relatives of sea stars-
也许随洋流从下方飘过 perhaps swept up from the bottom by currents.
现在她被巨兽盯上了 The female has put herself directly in the sights of a giant.
通观露出的全部骨骼 Taking the exposed parts of the skeleton together-
从头到脚我认为这个标本长约8米 skull to tail- I make the specimen about a 29-footer.
是的 Yeah.
胃里有东西 There's something in the stomach.
他们找到了它的最后一餐 They had found the monster's last meal...
包裹在它的肋骨里 entombed within its ribs.
因为长喙龙游泳很快... Because dollies are fast...
海王龙只能寄望突然袭击 a tylosaur's best bet is to catch one by surprise.
[吼叫]
她逃跑了 The female escapes.
可她哥哥没有发现危险 But her brother doesn't see the danger coming.
Sternbergs先生发现了关于 The Sternbergs had discovered a story locked in time...
两只古生物的隐藏故事 of two ancient lives intersecting.
可为什么猎食者在吃掉长喙龙后不久就死亡了呢 But why did the predator die so soon after eating the dolly?
海王龙很可能有很强的领地观念 Tylosaurs were likely territorial and aggressive, even with each other.
也许一只大些的海王龙突然出现 Perhaps an older tylosaur suddenly appeared.
年轻的海王龙受到紧张惊吓 The younger tylosaur is threatened and tiring...
刚吞下大份食物 slowed down by the large meal in his stomach.
忘记了小母龙的存在 The female dolly is forgotten.
[骨头碰撞]
年轻海王龙受了致命伤 The younger tylosaur is mortally wounded.
但它的故事还没结束 But his story isn't over.
它的最终命运是记录在石头里 His final fate was recorded in stone.
一只鲨鱼牙齿在化石附近 A shark's tooth lay near the fossil.
看 Look at this.
她回到群里 The female moves on with the others.
物尽其用 Soon the scavenging will begin.
年轻的长喙龙历经母亲和哥哥的死亡... The young dolly has seen the deaths of her mother and brother...
她幸存下来 but she survived.
每年海兽们聚集起来 Each year, marine reptiles gather again...
在浅滩的生育地 in the birthing grounds of the shallows.
其中一只鳍上带伤... Among them is the dolly with the wounded flipper...
已经成年. now fully grown.
她完成了游历 She's completed her journey and returned to the waters of her birth.
几季后她也产下幼崽 And after several seasons, she becomes a mother.
她的后代也将成长... Her young will grow larger and stronger...
有朝一日展开它们的内海行程 and, one day, set out on their own journey through the inland sea.
日复一日... Day by day, month by month...
生命继续. life plays out.
她有了几个后代 She sees several litters of her offspring mature...
各自经历着自己的生活 and depart on lives of their own.
她无法迁移的一年终将到来 Eventually, a year comes when the mother can't finish the migration.
在一个安静的日子... One quiet day...
岁月使她虚弱 when old age has weakened her body...
她的生命安详结束 her life comes to a gentle end.
数百万年的季节更替 Millions of years' worth of days and nights and seasons pass...
她独自留在这里 as she lies undisturbed.
海平面消消长长 Sea levels rise and fall.
世界范围地貌变更... Around the world, continents shift...
火山活动改变了地表 and volcanic activity changes the face of the Earth.
物种更新 New species appear, and old species vanish-
包括最后的海洋巨兽 including the last of the sea monsters.
在变幻的大陆下掩埋了巨大的海兽... Beneath the shifting land, the remains of the great ocean reptiles...
在时光流逝中化为岩石 are turned by time into rock.
Buddy! Buddy!
- 直到被显露的一天 - Buddy! - And lie hidden until exposed. - Buddy!
这次是夏天的大雨 This time, by a summer rain.
[女人对话]
这也许是完整标本 It might be a complete specimen.
我怎么把它弄出来 How are we gonna take it out?
我们也许必须用石膏处理，封套取出 We may have to plaster the whole thing and take it out in a jacket.
嘿，快来看 Hey. Come check this out.
有只鳍很不寻常 There was something unusual about one of the rear flippers-
一只鲨鱼的牙齿卡在骨头中 a shark's tooth embedded between the bones.
8200万年后... After 82 million years...
雌长喙龙回来讲述她的故事 the female Dolichorhynchops has returned to tell her story.
地表下还掩埋着数不清的生物痕迹 There are countless other creatures still buried within the layers of the Earth-
等待我们发现 waiting for us to find them...
向我们讲述它们的世界 waiting to tell us stories of our world when it was theirs.
## [女声]
# 寻找线索痕迹和标志 #
# 拨开时间的尘封 #
# 对，太久远了 #
# 挖开掩埋的泥土 #
# 得以显露 #
# 隐藏的生命故事 #
# 隐藏的生命故事#
# 这是时光的痕迹 #
# 我们在泥土中挖掘 #
# 这是远古的碎片 #
# 我们在泥土中挖掘 #
## [合唱]
# 展开不同的生命故事#
# 未知生命埋在表面之下 #
# 拨开时间的尘封 #
# 时间的尘封#
# 发掘其中的故事#
# 接触其中的故事 #
# 不同故事不同生命 #
# 这是时光的印记 #
# 我们在泥土中挖掘#
# 这是远古的碎片#
# 我们在泥土中挖掘 #
## [合唱]
# 展开不同的生命故事 #
# 这是时光的印记#
# 我们在泥土中挖掘 #
# 这是时光的印记 #
# 我们在泥土中挖掘 #
## [合唱]
# 展开不同的生命故事 #
# 不同的生命故事 #
## [淡出]